How Could Foreign Direct Investment Obtain A Legal Protection in Saudi Dissertation

How Could Foreign Direct Investment Obtain A Legal Protection in Saudi Arabia - Dissertation Examplei Arabia 51 3.1 Introduction 51 3.2 FDI Dispute Resolution 52 3.2 The Arbitrability of FDI Related Disputes in Saudi Arabia 53 3.3 Arbitration legality in Saudi Arabia 55 3.4 Conclusion 58 Chapter Four 59 Findings/Conclusion and Recommendations 59 4.1 Findings/Conclusion 59 4.2 Recommendations 62 Bibliography 64 Chapter One/ muniment and Background of the Study I.I. Introduction According to a Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) report, Saudi Arabia continues to current of air all GCC states in FDI inflows.2 GCC FDI inflows dropped by 15 % in 2008 as a result of the recent global financial crisis although FDI declines for GCC states were not as steep as other developing economies.3 Therefore trends prior to the global financial crisis of 2008-2009 are more instructive as it reflects a more reliable understanding of strong-minded variables and thus are not impacted by the global financ ial crisis that impacts all other economies. A report by the unite Nations organization, the Economic and cordial Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA) in 2008 is therefore more instructive. According to ESCWA FDI inflows in ESCWA states began an upward trend in 2002 with total inflows reaching a new show of US$55.6 one thousand million in 2006 an increase over US$10.8 billion three years earlier in 2003.4 The major FDI recipients among ESCWA states are Egypt, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Each of these countries made a variety of reforms and made significant investments in infrastructure and by 2006 they attracted 74 percent of all FDI inflows among ESCWA states.5 According to the United Nations convention on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) Saudi Arabia is the worlds 10th largest recipient of FDI inflows attracting US$48 billion dollars in FDI inflows in 2008 and US$36 billion in 2009.6... According to a Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) report, Saudi Arabia cont inues to lead all GCC states in FDI inflows. GCC FDI inflows dropped by 15 % in 2008 as a result of the recent global financial crisis although FDI declines for GCC states were not as steep as other developing economies. Therefore trends prior to the global financial crisis of 2008-2009 are more instructive as it reflects a more reliable understanding of independent variables and thus are not impacted by the global financial crisis that impacts all other economies.A report by the United Nations organization, the Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA) in 2008 is therefore more instructive. According to ESCWA FDI inflows in ESCWA states began an upward trend in 2002 with total inflows reaching a new record of US$55.6 billion in 2006 an increase over US$10.8 billion three years earlier in 2003. The major FDI recipients among ESCWA states are Egypt, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Each of these countries made a variety of reforms and made significant in vestments in infrastructure and by 2006 they attracted 74 percent of all FDI inflows among ESCWA states. According to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) Saudi Arabia is the worlds tenth largest recipient of FDI inflows attracting US$48 billion dollars in FDI inflows in 2008 and US$36 billion in 2009. Since the middle of the 1980s a number of countries in the Middle East and North Africa have made a number of reforms aimed at improving the fundamental determinants of return on investments.

Black Americans suffers ater war Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Black Americans suffers ater war - Essay Exampleime differences between the pre-war and post-war rights of the Black Americans were that after the war, they were able to cast vote, hold their experience offices and also go to schools. In addition to these three differences, societal norms and practices had also altered in favor of the Black Americans. In 1867, one of the most incorporated Southern cities, New Orleans distorted the long-prevailed segregation in the street cars, elected 95 black representatives and 32 black senators for the state from 1868 till 1896. Thus, much Black Americans were in politics than ever before. African Americans so dominated the catering business that they formed the United Public Waiters Mutual Beneficial connection (After the Civil War). Moreover, interracial marriages were also legalized.Nevertheless, life of the Black Americans in the South was yet quite imperfect in spite of each(prenominal) these changes. In the days of Reconstruction, opport unities for the black Americans were limited by the Black Codes according to which, Black Americans that went into professions other than agriculture were supposed to pay taxes. The Black Americans were also not allowed to possess guns or rent the land. Immediately following the Civil War, numerous anti-black agencies had surfaced one of which was the Ku Klux Klan.Lynching is the term used to refer to the illegal execution of an one-on-one that is accused of a crime by the mob. This was originally used by White Americans to punish the Black slaves. Not just the slaves, even members of the White corporation that expressed their consent against lynch had had their lives put in risk. Alton Observers Editor Elijah Parish Lovejoy was assassinated by the White Americans on 7 November 1837 due to his censure for lynching and consent for the eradication of slavery (Lynching). In the post-war era, lynching was frequently used by the Ku Klux Klan to execute the Black Americans. The period between 1868 and 1871 was when the lynching

Eco luxury Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Eco luxury - Essay ExampleSince it requires a special skill and talent to be able to clear clothing that can be use and re-use for decades, our future fashion designers, seamstresses, and tailors are being challenged to design and manufacture creative pieces of fashion designs that are classic and elegant. also known as the earth-friendly fashion, ethical fashion, or an eco fashion (Fletcher) a sustainable fashion is a significant part of the fashion assiduity that recognizes social and environmental responsibility (Matthews 117 Preston 150). In general, in that respect are some designers who would design and create garments for the purpose of wear, wash, and throw away (Matthews 119). Since the main purpose of promoting sustainable fashion is to enable the local and international fashion designers to establish a system that will indefinitely be supported by the public in terms of becoming an environmentalist and a responsible member of the social, sustainable fashion designers sh ould avoid creating garments of poor quality and low class design.The concept of a sustainable fashion is slowly becoming a special part of the continuously developing trend in sustainable design. As part of a sustainable design which aims to decrease levels of carbon emission in our environment, a lot of people started creating different products that are environmental friendly (The Economist). In assign to save the mother Earth, the concept of environmentalism has been adopted in the world of fashion.For instance, to actively participate in charitable work, some members of the fashion industry are natural endowment out a small percentage of their total sales as a donation to non-profit organizations who are reaching out to the less fortunate individuals. Likewise, there are some famous fashion designers around the world who are actively promoting the use of environmental friendly materials such as the natural and renewable fibers that does not use pesticides (i.e.

Waitrose and its Organizational Behaviour Structure Case Study

Waitrose and its Organizational Behaviour Structure - Case Study ExampleLast year, Waitrose registered gross sales up 251.6 gazillion pound which is 6.8% to just under 4.0 billion pound. Waitrose operating profits (excluding property profits of 8.6 million pound) has increased 38.3 million pound which is 22% increase to 212.1 million pound. It is likely to grow at the rate of 3.6 % (excluding Petrol). It has the market share of 3.9% and has registered issue in operating margin by 5.4% (excluding property profits). Waitrose sales have growth by 47% in last four years. Its market share of the UK organics market stands at over 18%. Sales density of Waitrose has increased by 2.3% to 1,038 pound per square feet. Due to its higher product quality, Waitrose achieved 13 out of 18 quality standard industry awards. Waitrose has maintained its long-term relationship with farmers and suppliers and commit to support and sell only British farm products. Waitrose is providing specialized servic es to provide knowledge of the products to its customers. So Waitrose aims to combine the convenience of supermarket with the expertise and services of specializer shop and offer price commitment to ensure its customer to get good value for money at Waitrose. These are the sole reasons why Waitrose voted as the most favorites. These are the sole reasons why Waitrose voted as the most favorite grocer of U.K (All the data has been extracted from the website www.waitrose.com ). Individuals as an employee are motivated through the fulfillment of their desires & needs, and is the base for the detail that why people behave in a certain way to achieve their personal goals. The two factor theory (sometimes also called motivation-hygiene theory) was proposed by psychologist Frederick Hertzberg. gibe to Hertzberg, the factors leading to job satisfaction are separate and distinct from those that lead to job dissatisfaction. Therefore, managers who seek to eliminate factors that can create j ob dissatisfaction may contribute about peace but not necessarily motivation. They allow for be placating their workforce rather than motivating them. As a result conditions ring the jobs much(prenominal) as quality of supervision, pay, company policies, physical working conditions, relation with others and job security is characterized by Hertzberg as hygiene factors. When they are adequate, people will not be dissatisfied neither will they be satisfied. If we want to motivate people on their jobs, Hertzberg suggested emphasizing factors associated with the work itself or to outcomes directly derived from it, such as promotional opportunities, opportunities for personal growth, recognition, responsibility and achievement. Maslows hierarchy of needs theory based on five needs, first two lower needs and after three upper needs (Physiological, Safety, Social, and Esteem & Self Actualization) has received wide recognition, particularly among practicing managers. This can be attribu ted to the theorys intuitive logic and ease of understanding. In the ulterior years, Alderfer has reworked Maslows need hierarchy to align more closely to empirical research. It is revised need hierarchy is labeled ERG theory (Alderfer, 1969). Alderfer argues that there are three groups of aggregate needs- existence, relatedness & growth. The existence group is concerned with providing basic requirement, which Maslow considered to be physiological and safety needs whereas relatedness considered Maslows social needs and the external component of

The Usefulness of Cognitive Theories of Learning for Human Resource Essay

The Usefulness of Cognitive Theories of Learning for Human Resource Practitioner - Essay ExampleThe paper tells that nowadays, senior managers tend to invest more money, time, and opinion in the learning of their employees, and consider learning and development a strategic HR function Thus, it would be primary(prenominal) to comprehend how and why learning takes place. Theories of work learning ar placed into three main categories these are psychological, socio-cultural and postmodern theories. Each view has contrasting focus and contribution to different contexts. Various cognitive theories endure been put forward including the Piaget developmental confront theory, the Bandura social cognitive theory, and Vysotsky and the Zone of proximal development. All these have a contribution to the development of employees and have been implemented at different levels. Cognitive theories of learning have enhanced employee productivity and effectiveness in most of the areas that they hav e been applied. Learning is a rattling important aspect of both individuals as well as organizational development. Learning is a wide concept that has attracted several definitions from different individuals in different contexts. According to Wilson, learning is the process whereby knowledge, attitude or behavior is changed as a result of formal training and development, or transformation of informal experiences. some assumptions have been proposed over the years to explain different cognitive approaches. The theories of three outstanding cognitive theorists including Piaget, Vygotsky, and Bandura explain some of the cognitive aspects that are very important when it comes to influencing the workforce in an organization. The development of a person has been a subject of intensive research by psychologists all across the world. One of the outstanding theories in this area is the Piaget developmental stage theory that helps us to understand behavioral development, especially at a yo ung age. According to Piagets findings, there are four developmental stages that individuals go through, both of which are relative to cognitive development. The first is the sensory-motor period in about the first two years when the tike can only focus on physical interactions with their immediate environment. Next is the preoperational period from two to seven years old. During this stage, the baby bird develops language skills and is able to recall symbolically though still cannot think completely logical and empathetically. The period from seven to eleven years old is called concrete operational stage when the child becomes more rational to solve a simple problem and develops logical thought. The formal operational stage from adolescence through adulthood was Piagets fourth stage of cognitive development in children. The child/ adult develop the ability to think theoretically and formulate hypotheses. This theory was immensely influential on teaching research and policy duri ng the 20th century.

My Role in the project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

My Role in the project - Essay ExampleThe time element alone should be defined in terms of the number of seconds that would look at running the specified video or scene which includes interview and documentary narrations to be participated by selected graduate and undergraduate students, as well as germane(predicate) portions to be narrated by Professor David Keppel. The successful implementation of my tasks and responsibilities is due to the effective collaboration with all members of the group, and especially with the group leader, C. Sunnie Buchanan. Through the inspiring leadership modal value and strategies of scheduling meetings and creating the most advantageous group email created particularisedally to make correspondence easy and conveniently possible, I was able to take none of applicable information that is bringed to be integrated within the creation of the script, storyline, and audio background. Likewise, my attendances to group meetings were also relevant in soli citing all necessary information from the ministration of the group and to address any eminent challenges. Finally, I realized that not because my role was defined as a producer means that my tasks should only be confined there. There were instances when I have already completed the tasks expected of me but I acknowledge that there are behind the scene activities that need to be taken cared of to ensure completion and success. As such, I did not hesitate to initiate assistance in areas where these are deemed necessary. Group Mates Contributions all in all group members contributed effectively and successfully to the group project. Through the leadership style, skills, and governance of C. Sunnie Buchanan, all members were able to comply with the assigned responsibilities at the identified time frame. The instrumental role of regular and constant open communication facilitated provision of feedbacks, progress, performance of duties, and the need to address any dilemma or challenge s that were encountered. The rest of the members performance exceeds expectations and did not only adhere to the responsibilities noted but surpassed compliance to the assigned tasks. All graduate students worked collaboratively and cohesively. The contribution of Anthony Shearer to organize and provide direction to the successful implementation of tasks enabled us to progress in identified phases, as expected. The element of time management was evidently used in monitoring the progress of the project at its specific stages, from group formation, storming, norming and performing. The provision of clear and accurate objectives, roles and responsibilities, delegation of tasks, clearly identified time frame to comply with expected activities, and the design of group communication mental process contributed to the groups success. Likewise, our group worked very well with the undergraduate students, especially with their leader, Donovan Jones-Betters, whose contribution included oversee ing that their respective members comply with the tasks that were assigned. Likewise, their assistance in selecting appropriate students to be interviewed and to be part of the video project was just commendable. My counterpart in business from the undergraduate students, Natalie Pina, likewise shared her insights and knowledge in terms of production design through tips on camera angle, lighting and quality of shots. The counterpart of Anthony Shearer in organization, Cassandra Gazzo, likewise provided inputs that focused on

Employment law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Employment law - Essay ExampleAccordingly, the first step is to notify the employee of the allegations against him in writing and invite him for a meeting to talk over the matter. The employee has the right to be accomp any at the meeting and then employer shall notify the employee of the decision. If the employee wants to appeal, employer must hold an appeal meeting at which the employee has the right to be accompanied and then communicate the final decision to the employee. Failure to follow this procedure entitles the employee who is otherwise qualified to make a claim for unfair dismissal and the purpose tribunal is competent to find it as an automatically unfair dismissal in which case compensation can be from 10 to 50 per centime depending on the severity of the treatment meted out to the employee.2. Qualifications for making an unfair dismissal claim is that the employee must have been in 2 years or 1 years continuous employment depending on the cut-off date of 6th April ye ars requirement came into force. This is subject to certain exceptions. They are3 Further the ACAS Code 35 states that redden if the employer wants to make a summary dismissal of the employee for gross misconduct, he will do well to establish facts before taking any action and it would be desirable to place the employee under short period of suspension. Code 46 states that an internal appeal preferred by the employee should be heard by a more senior manager not involved with the case. If no senior manager is available in small organizations, another manager or any other impartial person overseeing the case should be asked to hear the appeal. 4 Again, the dismissed employee must make an appeal within three months from the date of dismissal.In the instant case, subsequent police investigation reveals that Abe is innocent and his colleague Bruce alone is guilty. There is no indication whether the employer has revoked the dismissal upon the new discovery. Therefore,