Weber and Simmels Take on Power and Conflict Essays

Weber and Simmels Take on Power and Conflict Essays Weber and Simmels Take on Power and Conflict Essay Weber and Simmels Take on Power and Conflict Essay Amber Clayton Weber and Simmel’s Take on Power and Conflict Jon Witt, explaining Max Weber’s theory on resources of power, was not surprised at the fact that students do not use the party resource to fight for better tuition costs, because of the individualistic society of the United States. This fits into conflict theory because the school would be considered a rational-legal authority. The students â€Å"give in† to the rules and perceived rights of the school to raise tuition costs. As Jon Witt said â€Å"there are reasons†¦ for why people should do what they are told to do. If the school did not charge the students money then they would not be able to pay the teachers and professors to educate them. This idea fits into the broader theory because Witt’s claim about the US being individualistic is not expanded in this chapter, but it is in previous ones. In chapter 4, Witt mentioned â€Å"†¦we combine extreme interdepe ndence (due to specialization) with a strong sense of individualism (tied to a weak collective conscience). We depend on each other more than ever, but we realize it less. In an article by Margaret Foster, she asks 70 college presidents â€Å"can you school continue to attract students at its current rate of tuition growth? † and 80% said yes. This tells me that students are simply following the rational-legal authority of the bureaucratic schools, choosing to accept the higher charges and taking out higher loans. The students most likely do this because they are too weak as individuals to do anything about it or they assume the school leaders are making these decisions because they have no other choice (bad economy, budget cuts, ect). George Ritzer claims that the unpredictability of human error has led to a desire for greater control and the replacement of human with nonhuman technology. The idea of companies (bureaucracies) replacing humans with technology to ensure efficiency fits into Weber’s theory of formal rationality. As Ritzer explains â€Å"[Fast-food chains have] employed all the rational principles pioneered by the bureaucracy and is part of the bureaucratic system because huge conglomerates now own many of the fast-food chains. McDonald’s utilized bureaucratic principles and combined them with others, and the outcome is the process of McDonaldization. † Ritzer backs his claim up with multiple examples and evidence. One of which being the replacement of human communication over the telephone. Companies force people to go through a string of â€Å"press 1 for yes or 2 for no†s before they even talk to a real person. In some cases, the person doesn’t speak to a real person at all. Although annoying, people just excuse it away as a consequence of living in our technological world. This idea is expanded in an article by Karen Korzep. She outlines the advantages and problems with TeleHealth (medical technology) and the resistance among people to a total technological take-over. She explains in her conclusion that â€Å"just because the technology exists, does not mean that everyone will be accepting to it†¦ [however] [i]n my opinion, it will be at least one more decade before we see this technology take over and really have an effect on jobs. † Therefore, even though people may have resistance to the technology and worry that it will affect jobs negatively, the technology will still, most likely, take over in time. William J. Staudenmeier, Jr. claims in his chapter about Georg Simmel’s theories on social drinking that when a member of the group buys a round of drinks, the others would not simply pay them money, because â€Å"treating†¦ has to do with personal relationships, and it is not strictly an economic exchange. † This idea fits into conflict theory because the taverns are becoming more and more bureaucratic with rules and regulations that the consumers must follow or face the consequences (kicked out or banned for fighting or over drinking). Instead of backing his claim up with evidence, Staudenmeier expands on the idea by saying â€Å"the ‘surplus of satisfaction’†¦ comes from the value of giving and receiving in a group in which such actions and the thought of such actions make us feel good and make us feel a part of the group. This is outside the narrow cash nexus of economic exchange because what is calculated here is not mere profit and loss. † The issue of teenage pregnancy and how it fits into this theory is best addressed in an article by Linda Arms Gilbert. She outlined a study done by the Franklin Heights Federal Housing Project in Murfreesboro, Tennessee. The Murfreesboro Housing Authority partnered with the police department to help rid the projects from drug-related behaviors by developing positive relationships with the Franklin Heights families. The police department made over 500 contacts, creating a positive working relationship between the families and law enforcement as well as informed residents willing to provide tips against drug-related behaviors. The Parks and Recreation Department started an after-school program for 8-13-year old students, which included educational leisurely activities and an after-school tutoring program. A Parents as Teachers Program was started that allowed teen mothers to connect with their children. The program â€Å"held group meetings to help young parents understand the emotional, physical cognitive needs of their young children and to form a community of teen mothers who could offer support to each other. In the end â€Å"Franklin Heights has taught an entire city about the importance of collaboration and has shown what can be accomplished when individuals and agencies choose to look beyond the borders of their own job descriptions and departments to see the needs of families within that community. † The point is that, even in a bureaucratic society where, typically, rational-legal authority does not think about the well-being of their â€Å"workers† (in this case, the people who req uire government assistance), there can be an authority who thinks beyond what is efficient and profitable and helps the issue of teenage pregnancy, drug use, and violence. - [ 1 ]. John Witt, The Big Picture: A Sociology Primer (New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. , 2007) p 89 [ 2 ]. Witt, p 86 [ 3 ]. Witt, 59 [ 4 ]. FOSTER, MARGARET. Sticker Shock. American Scholar 82. 1 (2013): 120. Academic Search Premier. Web. 2 Mar. 2013. [ 5 ]. George Ritzer, The Weberian Theory of Rationalization and the McDonaldization of Contemporary Society, Peter Kivisto, ed. , Illuminating Social Life: Classical and Contemporary Theory Revisited, 4th ed. (Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press, 2008), p 52 [ 6 ]. Ritzer, p 45 [ 7 ]. Ritzer, p 54 [ 8 ]. Korzep, Karen. The Future Of Technology And The Effect It May Have On Replacing Human Jobs. Technology Health Care 18. 4/5 (2010): 353-358. Academic Search Premier. Web. 2 Mar. 2013. [ 9 ]. Korzep, p 357 [ 10 ]. William Staudenmeier, Jr. , Alcohol-Related Windows on Simmels Social World, Kivisto, 109 [ 11 ]. Staudenmeier, Jr. , p 110 [ 12 ]. Gilbert, Linda Arms. The Teen Pregnancy Dilemma: A Different Solution. Delta Kappa Gamma Bulletin 73. 3 (2007): 5-8. Academic Search Premier. Web. 2 Mar. 2013. p 3 [ 13 ]. Gilbert, p 3

Some say that Canadian History is a history of failure, not Essay

Some say that Canadian History is a history of failure, not accomplishment. Do you agree with this opinion - Essay Example Again he asserts that Canada pretends to be a neat culturally woven nation forgetting that it had in its core a tattooed racism stimulus. Racism has been in the Canadian culture for generations. It is imperative that history is created by both real memories as well as carving a literature of incidences to make it liveable. In this light this argument, it can be inferred that the History of Canada is not all about truths (Francis, 1997). Thesis "Having no independence day, no history of independence war and having symbols that are fictitiously declared as national symbols; Canada has more geography to it, compared to its history" I ARGUMENT : There is no history of Canada engaging in a self-liberating war of its own; something that would anchor well as a founding historical perspective. 1. PROOF: Canada never fought for its independence like most countries that tended to dislodge their colonial rulers. EXPLAIN It has been put into ink like the Magna Carta. Unlike such countries, Canad a recognized itself as a country upon the declaration of the Balfour Report (1926), which declared it, as an autonomous community within the British Empire. 2. PROOF: During the First World War (1914-1918) the British declared war against Germany; the implications were that the Canadian military was forced to get involved to protect its territory as it was a subservient nation of the British. EXPLAIN Upon declaration of war against Germany, a rift was developed between the French speaking and English speaking citizens. The war was fought conspicuously by the Canadian Forces with a support from Canadians of British decent, reiterating that they had to defend their mother country. This was further supported by the quote â€Å"It is our duty to let Great Britain know and to let the friends and foes of Great Britain know that there is in Canada but one mind and one heart and that all Canadians are behind the Mother Country† (Various Publishers, 2011). This led to the battle of th e Vimy Ridge in 1917 where the Canadian Corps sought to fight against Germans. According to John Pierce (2012), although the Canadians had nothing to do with this war; yet the British depicted it as their own war to blind the Canadians of the reality of the nature of this war. CONCLUDING SENTENCE: The history of Canada reveals that no war can be labelled as the war of independence of Canada; although there is history of other wars being fought in the region, none of them qualifies as a war of independence. II: SECOND ARGUMENT: Canada is a country without an independence day. History reveals no single moment at which Canada gained its sovereignty. 1. PROOF: The name of the founder of the country is missing. EXPLAIN/ELABORATE/DESCRIBE: Canada has no founders to be celebrated; even the Quebec has its own day when it celebrates the national day (Thompson, 2013). It is therefore evident that there is no national-day or event that indicates the independence of Canada and in the same spiri t no achievement to celebrate (Hart, 2008). 2. PROOF: Canada amended its constitution in 1982 EXPLAIN/ELABORATE/DESCRIBE: Perhaps independence resulted when Canada eventually amended it constitution in the year 1982. Embassies were thereafter established and the Country virtually came into existence as a result of this report. It is also an argument that maturity was probably attained when Canada felt the loss of their young soldiers during the World war. The

Perception Of Nature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Perception Of Nature - Essay Example For years, the imagination that all other organisms are less intelligent and incapable of expressing themselves in the same as humans may be utterly wrong. There seems to be an intelligent interconnection of nature between all its components. Science is a growing field whose previous conclusions have made us have a mindset of how nature should be. However, some of the findings that are coming up tend to disapprove the traditional notions. Therefore, there is an intelligent interconnection in nature amongst all its components. Nature is very intelligent and it is highly unlikely that one of its components can fully fathom of this intelligence. As noted by Marten (256), there are various perceptions that human having towards nature. He points out five common perceptions that people have considered nature. Looking at each one of them, there are valid basis in which it is established. However, these basis are not in any way conclusive. The interconnectivity of all the components of nature provides a platform in which understanding of nature becomes a bit more complex hence making humans incapable of having a full understanding of nature. However, through science humans have been able to grow their knowledge of nature bit by bit. Humans are part of the nature and to a large extent they have a limited scope of understanding the view of other components of nature. This makes its unreasonable to rely on the perception that humans have harbored over years about their supremacy and intelligence. Below is a good ex ample that demonstrates the capacity of other animals (elephants) to demonstrate some so called ‘human character.’ Empathy is a virtue that is highly prevalent among people and it is unimaginable that elephants too have this virtue. This worldview is based on the basic assumption that other animals are subject to our manipulation and hence they do not have their own discretion. This indicates that humans have for

Analysis of complex sentences of wals info French features 122, 123, Essay

Analysis of complex sentences of wals info French features 122, 123, 124, 125,126,127,128 - Essay Example hat are often coded in special ways using semantic case, case affix or an adposition instead of the grammatical case marking that is used in marking core arguments (Dryer et al. 123). While oblique objects are rarely the target of syntactic rules such as strategies on relativization, languages of the world use different strategies in relativizing the obliques. Apparently, French uses the relative pronoun strategy in relativization of the obliques. Different suprasegmental and morphosyntactic are used to ensure that the head noun functions as a noun while still playing some role in relativization. Moreover, the relative clause connects the pronoun or noun to the main phrase or clause. Example; A subject compliment is simply described as the pronoun, noun or adjective that trails the linking verb (Dryer et al. 124). The syntax of want keeps changing and the notional subject of its complement predication may be left implicit when coreferential wityh the wanter or expressed overtly in the complement phrase using pronominal elements. Evidently, as the complement subject is left implicit, special verb verbs including infinitives in articulating the verb ‘want’ into the construction. This is often the case in world languages with morphology. A purpose clause is basically a subordinate clause that investigates ‘for what purpose’ or ‘why’ the main clause verb was done (Dryer et al. 125). Noteworthy, a purpose construction encodes a relation between events such that the linked event, often coded by the main clause, is performed with the intention of realizing the other, which is often coded by the purpose clause. Purpose clauses constructions are commonly classified as either balanced or deranked. ‘When’ clauses are not defined in morphosyntactic terms but are rather defined in functional terms. According to Dryer et al., â€Å"A ‘when’ construction is regarded as one encoding a temporal relation between two events, such that there is a temporal overlap

Frances Trade Policy Essay -- French Politics, U.S. French Relations

France’s trade policy is the same as that of other members of the European Union. The common EU weighted average tariff rate was 1.2 percent in 2009. Non-tariff barriers reflected in EU and French policy includes agricultural and manufacturing subsidies, quotas, import restrictions and bans for some goods and services†, (Index of Economic Freedom, 2011). As a member of the EU, France is one part of the largest trading blocks, accounting for approximately 20% of global imports and exports (Index of Economic Freedom, 2011). Open trade created by the EU for member states furthered economic development in those particular nations. As one of the largest members of the World Trade Organization, the EU is a driving force behind multiple trade agreements and plays an integral role in promoting open trade in developing countries. Managerial implications The EU created a borderless system that allows unencumbered trade between businesses. Businesses can buy and sell goods wherever they want without having to pay special customs duties or taxes â€Å"this system is beneficial as the limitations on selling products across the continent are nonexistent† (EU and Trade, 2006). However, the free trade system brings more competition. Consumers have more choices in products, which drives down prices and raises the cost to deliver a quality product. This calls for a diligent focus on production efficiencies, quality control and value added principals in order to deliver a superior product at a competitive price. Foreign Exchange The demand for the Euro continues to increase. Investors who traditionally held their assets in dollars are now looking to other sources such as the Euro as a more reliable commodity (Amadeo). President Sarkozy has r... ...Sep Oct Nov Dec 2010 1.10 1.30 1.60 1.70 1.60 1.50 1.90 1.40 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.70 2009 0.70 0.90 0.30 0.10 -0.30 -0.50 -0.70 -0.20 -0.50 -0.40 -0.20 0.90 2008 2.80 2.80 3.20 3.00 3.30 3.60 3.60 3.20 3.00 2.70 1.60 1.00 GDP France has the second largest economy in Europe following only Germany. The country has been relative stable through the global economic crisis in part due to the â€Å"relative resilience of domestic consumer spending, a large public sector, and less exposure to the downturn in global demand than in some other countries† (CIA Fact Book, 2011). While the GDP did contract in 2009, it rebounded in 2010 and expanded by .40 percent. President Sarkozy has been a proponent to economic stabilization for his country through stimulus and investment measures. However, now he and his government are finding was to reduce spending and cut the deficit. France's Trade Policy Essay -- French Politics, U.S. French Relations France’s trade policy is the same as that of other members of the European Union. The common EU weighted average tariff rate was 1.2 percent in 2009. Non-tariff barriers reflected in EU and French policy includes agricultural and manufacturing subsidies, quotas, import restrictions and bans for some goods and services†, (Index of Economic Freedom, 2011). As a member of the EU, France is one part of the largest trading blocks, accounting for approximately 20% of global imports and exports (Index of Economic Freedom, 2011). Open trade created by the EU for member states furthered economic development in those particular nations. As one of the largest members of the World Trade Organization, the EU is a driving force behind multiple trade agreements and plays an integral role in promoting open trade in developing countries. Managerial implications The EU created a borderless system that allows unencumbered trade between businesses. Businesses can buy and sell goods wherever they want without having to pay special customs duties or taxes â€Å"this system is beneficial as the limitations on selling products across the continent are nonexistent† (EU and Trade, 2006). However, the free trade system brings more competition. Consumers have more choices in products, which drives down prices and raises the cost to deliver a quality product. This calls for a diligent focus on production efficiencies, quality control and value added principals in order to deliver a superior product at a competitive price. Foreign Exchange The demand for the Euro continues to increase. Investors who traditionally held their assets in dollars are now looking to other sources such as the Euro as a more reliable commodity (Amadeo). President Sarkozy has r... ...Sep Oct Nov Dec 2010 1.10 1.30 1.60 1.70 1.60 1.50 1.90 1.40 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.70 2009 0.70 0.90 0.30 0.10 -0.30 -0.50 -0.70 -0.20 -0.50 -0.40 -0.20 0.90 2008 2.80 2.80 3.20 3.00 3.30 3.60 3.60 3.20 3.00 2.70 1.60 1.00 GDP France has the second largest economy in Europe following only Germany. The country has been relative stable through the global economic crisis in part due to the â€Å"relative resilience of domestic consumer spending, a large public sector, and less exposure to the downturn in global demand than in some other countries† (CIA Fact Book, 2011). While the GDP did contract in 2009, it rebounded in 2010 and expanded by .40 percent. President Sarkozy has been a proponent to economic stabilization for his country through stimulus and investment measures. However, now he and his government are finding was to reduce spending and cut the deficit.

Brunos Change Essay the Boy in the Stripped Pyjamas

How does Bruno grow and change in the novel, if at all? Bruno does grow and change in the book but slowly; it is only in the end that he truly evolves. Does he change when he moves to Out-With? And the first time he sees the camp, does he see it for what it is? When he meets Shmuel that’s when he really changes. The writer has Bruno change so he develops personality. This is important because you need to get to know him when you read the book. Bruno does change a little bit when he moves to Out-With. He does get bored more easily (which anyone would if you had to move to the middle of nowhere) and he feels sad that he had to move away from his friends. So Bruno does change but it’s hardly noticeable. When Bruno first sees the camp he doesn’t know what it is. It is only near the end when he goes inside that he actually sees that it’s a cruel, dirty and racist place. Gretel is also confused by it at first, â€Å"A group of children being shouted at by soldiers†¦Ã¢â‚¬ËœIt must be a rehearsal’ suggested Gretel† (page 37) this shows how clueless she was but then later in the book she knows what it’s all about. When Bruno meets Shmuel he changes massively. He starts to forget what his three friends were called. He understands things more. But the main thing to make him change was FRIENDSHIP! Without friendship he wouldn’t have changed. When he finally sees the camp for what it is he changes in a way not many people would. When he dies he holds hands with Shmuel. That is true friendship. â€Å"He took hold of Shmuel’s tiny hand in his and squeezed it tight ‘You’re my best friend Shmuel, my best friend for life’†¦and despite all the chaos that followed, Bruno found he was still holding Shmuel’s hand and nothing in the world would have persuaded him to let go. † So Bruno Does grow and change throughout whole book. But in the end it was friendship that really changed him.

Battle of Cedar Mountain - Civil War - Northern Virginia Campaign

Battle of Cedar Mountain - Conflict Date: The Battle of Cedar Mountain was fought August 9, 1862, during the American Civil War (1861-1865). Armies Commanders Union Major General Nathaniel Banks8,030 men ​Confederates Major General Thomas Stonewall Jackson16,868 men Battle of Cedar Mountain - Background: In late June 1862, Major General John Pope was appointed to command the newly formed Army of Virginia. Consisting of three corps, this formation was tasked with driving into central Virginia and relieving pressure on Major General George B. McClellans beleaguered Army of the Potomac which was engaged with Confederate forces on the Peninsula. Deploying in an arc, Pope placed Major General Franz Sigels I Corps along the Blue Ridge Mountains at Sperryville, while Major General Nathaniel Banks II Corps occupied Little Washington. An advance force from Banks command, led by Brigadier General Samuel W. Crawford, was posted to the soth at Culpeper Court House. In the east, Major General Irvin McDowells III Corps held Falmouth. With the defeat of McClellan and the Union withdrawal to the James River after the Battle of Malvern Hill, Confederate General Robert E. Lee turned his attention to Pope. On July 13, he dispatched Major General Thomas Stonewall Jackson north with 14,000 men. This was followed by an additional 10,000 men led by Major General A.P. Hill two weeks later. Taking the initiative, Pope began driving south towards the key rail junction of Gordonsville on August 6. Assessing the Union movements, Jackson elected to advance with the goal of crushing Banks and then defeating Sigel and McDowell in turn. Pushing towards Culpeper on August 7, Jacksons cavalry swept aside their Union counterparts. Alerted to Jacksons actions, Pope ordered Sigel to reinforce Banks at Culpeper. Battle of Cedar Mountain - Opposing Positions: While waiting for Sigels arrival, Banks received orders to maintain a defensive position on the high ground above Cedar Run, approximately seven miles south of Culpeper. Favorable ground, Banks deployed his men with Brigadier General Christopher Augers division on the left. This was composed of Brigadier Generals Henry Prince and John W. Gearys brigades which were placed on the left and right respectively. While Gearys right flank was anchored on the Culpeper-Orange Turnpike, Brigadier General George S. Greenes under-strength brigade was held in reserve. Crawford formed to the north across the turnpike, while Brigadier General George H. Gordons brigade arrived to anchor the Union right. Pushing across the Rapidan River on the morning of August 9, Jackson advanced with three divisions led by Major General Richard Ewell, Brigadier General Charles S. Winder, and Hill. Around noon, Ewells lead brigade, led by Brigadier General Jubal Early, encountered the Union line. As the remainder of Ewells men arrived, they extended the Confederate line south towards Cedar Mountain. As Winders division came up, his brigades, led by Brigadier General William Taliaferro and Colonel Thomas Garnett, deployed on Earlys left. While Winders artillery rolled into position between the two brigades, Colonel Charles Ronalds Stonewall Brigade was held back as a reserve. The last to arrive, Hills men were also retained as a reserve behind the Confederate left (Map). Battle of Cedar Mountain - Banks on the Attack: As the Confederates deployed, an artillery duel ensued between Banks and Earlys guns. As the firing began taper around 5:00 PM, Winder was mortally wounded by a shell fragment and command of his division passed to Taliaferro. This proved problematic as he was ill-informed as to Jacksons plans for the impending battle and was still in the process forming his men. In addition, Garnetts brigade was separated from the main Confederate line and Ronalds troops had yet to come up in support. As Taliaferro struggled to take control, Banks began an assault on the Confederate lines. Badly beaten by Jackson in the Shenandoah Valley earlier in the year, he was eager to obtain retribution despite being outnumbered. Surging forward, Geary and Prince slammed into the Confederate right prompting Early to return from Cedar Mountain to take personal command of the situation. To the north, Crawford attacked Winders disorganized division. Striking Garnetts brigade in the front and flank, his men shattered the 1st Virginia before rolling up 42nd Virginia. Advancing into the Confederate rear, the increasingly disorganized Union forces were able to push back the lead elements of Ronalds brigade. Arriving on the scene, Jackson attempted to rally his former command by drawing his sword. Finding that it had rusted in the scabbard from lack of use, he instead waved both. Battle of Cedar Mountain - Jackson Strikes Back: Successful in his efforts, Jackson sent the Stonewall Brigade forward. Counterattacking, they were able to drive back Crawfords men. Pursuing the retreating Union soldiers, the Stonewall Brigade became overextended and was forced to retreat as Crawfords men regained some cohesion. Despite this, their efforts permitted Jackson to restore order to the entire Confederate line and bought time for Hills men to arrive. With his full force on hand, Jackson ordered his troops to advance. Pushing forward, Hills division was able to overwhelm Crawford and Gordon. While Augers division mounted a tenacious defense, they were forced to retreat following Crawfords withdrawal and an attack on their left by Brigadier General Isaac Trimbles brigade. Battle of Cedar Mountain - Aftermath: Though Banks attempted to use Greenes men to stabilize his line, the effort failed. In a last gasp attempt to rescue the situation, he directed part of his cavalry to charge the advancing Confederates. This attack was repulsed with heavy losses. With darkness falling, Jackson elected not to conduct a long pursuit of Banks retreating men. The fighting at Cedar Mountain saw Union forces sustain 314 killed, 1,445 wounded, and 594 missing, while Jackson lost 231 killed and 1,107 wounded. Believing that Pope would attack him in force, Jackson remained near Cedar Mountain for two days. Finally learning that the Union general had concentrated at Culpeper, he elected to withdraw back to Gordonsville. Concerned about Jacksons presence, Union general-in-chief Major General Henry Halleck directed Pope to assume a defensive posture in northern Virginia. As a result, Lee was able to take the initiative after containing McClellan. Coming north with the remainder of his army, he inflicted decisive defeat on Pope later that month at the Second Battle of Manassas. Selected Sources Civil War Trust: Battle of Cedar MountainFriends of Cedar Mountain CWSAC Battle Summaries: Battle of Cedar Mountain